구동사(phrasal verbs)는 '동사 + 부사' 형태나 '동사 + 전치사' 구조를 통해 동사 원래의 의미와는 다른 새로운 의미 단위를 만들어 낸 구성을 말한다.
A -
. Account for(=explain) 설명하다
How can you account for what happened today?
. Answer for(=be responsible for) 책임지다
They have to answer for the President's safety.
. Attend to(=take care of, see to)
주의하다, 처리하다
The secretary attends to all of the paperwork in my office.
B -
. Break away(=escape from someone or something) 달아나다, 벗어나다
Two policemen were holding him, but he managed to break away.
. Break into(=enter by force) 침입하다
He was arrested on suspicion of breaking into a house and committing a burglary.
. Break out(=occur suddenly) 갑자기 발생하다
A fire broke out on the top floor of the building.
. Break up(=disperse, scatter; split up)
해산시키다, 헤어지다
The police broke up the demonstration. We broke up in March.
. Bring about(=cause) 초래하다, 야기하다
This crisis has been brought about by the stupidity of our politicians.
. Bring up(=raise, rear) 기르다, 양육하다
Bringing up children is both difficult and rewarding.
. Burst into(=begin suddenly)갑자기~하다
When she saw him, she burst into tears.
. Bring on — 어떤 일이 일어나게 하다. 보통 부정적인 것.
(이 구동사의 두 단어는 일어나고 있는 일로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
“His lung cancer was brought on by years of smoking.”
. Bring it on! — 자신감을 가지고 도전을 받아들이다.
“You want to have a race? Bring it on! I can beat you!”
C -
. Call on — 동사: 요청하다, 촉구하다, 시키다, 방문하다
(=ask, request; visit.)
이는 누군가를 방문한다거나, 또는 어떤 사람, 어떤 것의 지식을 빌린다는 뜻입니다.
방문의 의미로는,
“I’ll call on you this evening to see how you’re feeling.”
누군가의 지식을 빌린다는 의미로는,
“I may need to call on the university’s excellent professors in order to answer
your question.”
. Call for(=demand, require) 요구하다
It's the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration.
. Call off(=cancel) 취소하다
The union threatened a strike but called it off at the last minute.
. Call at - ~을 방문하다
. Carry on(=continue, manage)계속하다, 관리하다
Despite the recession, he is carrying on his business on a large scale.
. Carry out - ~을 수행하다
. Come across(=find unexpectedly) 우연히 발견하다
In cleaning out the attic, I came across a few remembrances of my grandmother's.
. Come by(=obtain) 얻다, 획득하다
A good job like that is very hard to come by these days.
. Come to(=become conscious) 의식을 회복하다
As the anesthetic wore off, the patient came to.
. Come true(=become real) 실현되다
All of his warnings came true when the stock market crashed.
. Come up with(=think of) 생각해내다
He came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
. Cope with(=manage successfully) 대처하다
His counseling has helped me cope with my difficulties.
. Count in(=include) 끼워주다
If you're all going to the party, count me in.
. Count on(=rely on) 믿다, 의지하다
You can count on her to do a good job.
. Cut in(=interrupt) 방해하다, 끼어들다
I was talking to him when she cut in on our conversation.
. Cheer on — 격려의 말을 줌으로써 누군가를 지지하다.
(응원하는 사람의 이름 또는 대명사로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
“Even though Samantha was in the last place, her brother cheered her on
through the entire race.”
. Cheer up — 이 구는 슬퍼보이는 누군가를 격려하기 위한 표현
(단순히 “cheer up!” 이라고 말하는 것.) 으로 사용될 수도 있고, 누군가를 행복하게 만드려고 한다는 의미로도 쓰일 수 있습니다.
“Andrew was having a bad day, so his girlfriend cheered him up by taking him out for ice cream.”
. Come up (with something) — 아이디어를 떠올리다.
“I came up with this idea for a TV show about a woman living with her best
friend and daughter. I call it ‘Two and a Half Women.’”
주제를 제시하거나, 어떤 일이 예상치 않게 일어날 때.
주제를 제시하는 의미로는,
“I wanted to tell her that I got a new job but the chance never came up.”
예상치 못한 일의 발생으로는,
“I was going to meet my friends for dinner, but something came up so I had to cancel.”
. Come in — 들어가다.
“Come in, the door is open!’ said the grandmother to the wolf.”
. Come from - ~ 의 출신이다, ~에서 생겨나다(=originate).
. Come away - ~에서 떨어져 나가다.
. Come across — 우연히 만나거나 찾다.
“I was cleaning the attic and I came across my high school uniform. Can you believe it still fits?”
. Come forward — 범죄와 같은 어떤 것에 대한 정보를 자진해서 알려주다.
“The police are encouraging people to come forward with any information about the kidnapped girl.”
. Cut off — 이 구는 몇 가지 방법으로 쓰일 수 있습니다.
그러나 일반적인 의미는 ‘어떤 것을 방해하거나 막는다’는 의미입니다.
(분리가능) 운전할 때 갑자기 다른 차가 앞에 들어설 때.
“That red car just cut me off and I almost crashed into it.”
어떤 것을 보급하거나, 어떤 사람과 소통하는 것을 멈출 때는,
“His father is rich but he cut him off without any money of his own.”
. Cut (it) out — 이 구는 “Stop it.” 이라고 말하는 것과 같은 의미를 가지고 있습니다.
“Hey, cut it out! I was watching that movie, so stop changing the channel!”
. Cut in — 다른 사람이 말할 때 끼어들다.
“I was about to ask that girl on a date, but her friend cut in and I lost the
chance.”
D -
. Deal in(=buy and sell things)판매하다,장사하다
. Deal with(=treat) 다루다, 취급하다
The police said he was dealing in stolen goods. The manager tried to deal politely with the angry customer.
. Depend on(=rely on) ~에 달려있다, 의지하다
It depends on your experience. I have no one but you to depend on.
. Draw on(=make use of) ~을 이용하다
The chairman was good at drawing on the member's expertise.
. Drop in(=visit unexpectedly) (예고없이)들르다, 방문하다
Let's drop in on him while we're in the neighborhood.Please, drop in at my office anytime this week.
. Dwell on(=think a lot about) 곰곰이 생각하다
He tends to dwell too much on unimportant issues.
. Drop by/in — 잠깐 들르다.
“Andrew is such a great boyfriend, when he heard that his girlfriend had a cold he dropped by to bring her some soup.”
. Drop off — 어떤 것 또는 어떤 사람을 목적지에 데려다/가져다 주다.
(데려가는/가져가는 목적어로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
“I can give you a ride and drop you off at work.”
. Depend on - ~에 의존하다
F -
. Fall back on(=depend on in case of need)
~에 의지하다.
When she lost her job, she fell back on piano playing for money.
. Find fault with(=criticize) ~을 비난하다
I've never found fault with anything you've ever done.
. Fool around(=waste time doing nothing)
빈둥거리다
Instead of studying, he spends all his spare time fooling around.
. Fall apart — 이 구는 ‘조각조각으로 부서지다’ 라는 의미이지만, 결혼 또는 사람처럼 물리적이지 않은 의미로도 쓰일 수 있습니다.
“They tried to save their marriage by going to therapy but in the end if fell apart anyway.”
. Fall down — 땅으로 떨어지다. 보통 우연히.
“My friend slipped on a banana peel and fell down. I thought that only happened in cartoons!”
. Fill (someone) in — 누군가에게 어떤 것에 대한 자세한 정보를 주다.
(보통 정보를 받는 사람으로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
“Quickly, let’s go! There’s no time to explain, I’ll fill you in on the way.”
. Fill up — 완전히 배가 부르다.
“The little girl filled up on candy before dinner, and didn’t want to eat any of the chicken.”
G -
. Get away(=escape; leave) 도망치다, 떠나다
The suspect ran down the street and got away.I wanted to come but couldn't get away from the office.
. Get away — 탈출하다. 영어 표현 중에 ‘getaway car’ 라는 표현을 들어보았나요?
이는 은행강도와 같은 범죄자들이 범죄현장에서 도망치기 위해 사용하는 차를 말합니다.
“Carmen’s neighbor tried to show her pictures of all her cats, but Carmen managed to get away.”
. Get(keep) in touch with(=communicate with) ~와 접촉하다, ~와 연락하다
I'm trying to get in touch with my nephew who emigrated to Spain.
. Get over(=overcome, tide over) 회복하다, 극복하다
He finally got over his illness. He got over the difficulty.
. Get on - 1.(안부 등에 대해 묻거나 답하는 말에서) 하다[지내다].
2.(사회생활 등에서) 성공하다
3.꾸려 나가다.
4. 올라타다
. Get off - 하차하다 1. 떠나다[출발하다], ~를 떠나게[출발하게] 해 주다
2. 잠이 들다[들게 하다]
3.(허락을 받거나 일을 마치고 직장에서) 퇴근하다 . 명령문으로 손 떼[놔]
. Get in - 안으로 들어가다. 올라타다. ~에 도착하다 . (선거에서) 당선 선출되다 .(대학 등에) 입학 허가를 받다
. Get out of - ~을 ~에서 얻다, 알아내다, 받아내다, ~에서 나오다, 도망치다, 차에서 내리다, ~ 이 미치지 않는 곳으로 가다.
. Get rid of(=eliminate, discard, remove) 제거하다, 없애다
I used weedkiller to get rid of the weeds in the garden.
. Get through(=finish, pass)끝마치다, 통과하다
Can you get through with your work by the end of the day?
.Get around — 주요 문제를 피함으로써 문제를 해결하다.
또한 이 구는 성관계를 위한 많은 파트너를 가지고 있는 사람을 말할 때에도 아주 캐주얼하게 쓰입니다.
짐작하실 수 있겠지만, 누군가에게 ‘gets around’ 라고 말하는 것을 좋지 않아요!
“Some people know all the different ways to get around tax laws.”
. Get along (with) — 누군가와 친밀한 관계를 가지다.
“Some people are surprised that I get along with my mother-in-law really well!”
. Get up — 일어서다, 또는 깨다.
“I have so much trouble getting up in the morning that I have to set three alarms.”
. Get back to — 어떤 사람, 또는 어떤 것에 돌아가다.
이는 보통 질문이나 요구에 대한 답을 가지고 나중에 돌아간다라고 할 때 흔히 쓰입니다.
“Derek’s coworker wasn’t sure what time the meeting was, so he said he’d get back to him with the time.”
. Get back at — 누군가에게 복수하다.
“Her ex-husband took her house so she got back at him by taking his dogs.”
. Give out — 이 구는 고장나다, 작동하지 않다, 또는 어떤 것을 나눠준다는 뜻입니다.
고장나다의 의미로는,
“The city had to rebuild the bridge completely, because it was about to give out and fall down.”
나눠주다의 의미로는,
“He has a lot of contacts because he gives out his business card to everyone he meets.”
. Give in — 항복하다. 특히 싸움이나 언쟁에서.
“Ben’s mother gave in and let him stay out late with his friends.”
. Give in(=hand in, surrender) 제출하다, 굴복하다
The professor required his students to give in their term papers on time.I won't give in to threats or intimidation.
. Give away — 무료로 물건을 나누어 주다.
(주어지는 물건으로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
“When Linda’s cat had kittens, she gave them all away to good homes.”
. Give away(=give freely, distribute) 나눠주다, 분배하다
They are giving away prizes at the new store.The criminal was determined not to give his accomplices away.
. Give up — 노력을 중단하다, 항복하다. ~을 포기하다
“After two weeks of trying to build my own table, I gave up and just bought
one.”
. Give off(=emit, send out) (빛, 가스, 냄새,열 따위를) 내다, 발(산)하다
Substances such as ammonia give off heat when they evaporate.
. Give out(=become exhausted, distribute) (힘이) 다하다, 배부하다
Bob's legs gave out and he couldn't run any further.A clerk stood at the entrance giving out leaflets.
. Give rise to(=bring about, cause) 일으키다
The minister's comments gave rise to rumors that he would soon resign.
. Go about(=begin, start, undertake) ~을 착수하다
I cut out the article from the paper to learn how to go about finding a job.
. Go off(=explode, ring) 폭발하다, (소리 등이) 울리다
A bomb went off in central London this morning.The alarm went off when the thieves broke in.
. Go on(=continue, happen) 계속하다, 생기다
What's going on here? Go on with your work.It looks like this argument could go on for hours.
. Go over(=repeat, examine closely) 밥복하다, 자세히 조사하다
Let's go over the English exercises together.Don't sign anything until you've gone over it thoroughly.
. Go through(=suffer or experience) (고통을)겪다, 경험하다
You'll never know what she went through to educate her children.
. Go out (with) — 어떤 사람과 데이트를 하러 가다.
“Sarah was so happy when Peter finally asked her to go out with him!”
. Go ahead — 어떤 사람 앞으로 가거나, 어떤 일을 하거나, 어떤 말을 할 수 있도록 허용하다.
“Go ahead, explain to me why there is a car on my roof.”
. Grow up — 자라다.
가끔은 어떤 사람에게 아이처럼 행동하지 말라고 할 때에도 쓰입니다.
“Some people tell Steve he needs to grow up, but he loves acting like a child.”
. Grow apart — 친구나 어떤 사람과 거리가 생기다.
“When my friend moved to a different country I tried to stay close with her, but we slowly grew apart.”
H -
. Hand down(=give or leave to people who come later) 후세에 전해주다, 물려주다
This strange custom has been handed down since the 17th century.
. Hand over(=give control of, transfer)
넘겨주다, 양도하다
He handed over all his property to his only daughter.
. Have one's own way(=do whatever one wants) 마음대로 하다
The boy is spoiled because his parents have always let him have his own way.
. Have to do with(=have a connection with)
~와 관계가 있다
Her job has to do with looking after the disabled.
. Hit on(=think of suddenly or by chance)
갑자기 머리에 떠오르다
The writer hit on the perfect title for his new novel.
. Hold back(=restrain oneself) 참다, 억제하다
I wanted to denounce him right there, but I held back for fear of making a scene.
. Hold off(=delay, postpone) 유보하다, 연기하다
Could you hold off making your decision for a few days?
. Hold on(=wait, grasp)
(특히 전화를 끊지않고) 기다리다, 붙잡다
Please, hold on a minute; I'll just see if she's in.Could you hold on to this? My hands are full.
. Hold out(=offer, resist, last)
제공하다, 저항하다
These plans hold out the prospect of new jobs for the area.He held out his hand and shook hands with everyone.The city
held out for six months under siege.
. Hold up(=support, rob, delay)
지지하다, 연기하다
This pole will hold up the wall temporarily.They held up the same bank twice in one week.The construction of the new road has been held up by heavy snow.
. Hang on — 어떤 것을 계속 가지다.
“When everyone else was getting fired, Paul managed to hang on to his job.”
. Hang out — 어떤 사람과 편한 시간을 가지다.
“My friends and I used to hang out in the park after school.”
. Hang up — 전화를 끊다. 특히 상대방이 준비되기 전에.
“I was in the middle of a sentence, and he hung up on me! How rude.”
. Hold on — 어떤 것을 단단하게 쥐는 것.
또한 이 구는 어떤 사람에게 잠깐만 기다리라고 말할 때에도 쓸 수 있습니다.
“You’d better hold on to your hat, it’s windy out there!”
. Hold back — 어떤 것을 하거나, 말하는 것을 멈추다.
“Amy has a great voice but whenever she’s singing in public she feels shy and holds back.”
k -
. keep up with(=keep abreast with or of)
~에 뒤떨어지지 않다
You walk so fast that I cannot keep up with you.I tried to keep up with the times.
L -
. Lay off(=stop employing temporarily)
(일시)해고시키다
When they lost the contract, they had to lay off about a hundred workers.
. Lay out(=arrange) 배열하다, 배치하다
They laid out the tables in style for the party.
. Leave out(=omit, fail to include) 빠뜨리다
This sentence doesn't make sense; a key work has been left out.
. Let on(=reveal) (비밀을) 누설하다Don't let on to Helen that we are going to the movies.
. Live up to(=satisfy, meet)
만족(충족)시키다
This new technology has not lived up to our expectation.Tom lived up to his promises and paid the money he owed.
. Look on(upon)(=be a spectator; regard)
방관하다, 간주하다
Why don't you play football instead of just looking on?We look on(upon) him as an authority on the subject.
. Look over(=examine, inspect)
조사하다, 검토하다
We looked over several kinds of new cars before deciding.
. Look up(=search for, visit, call on)
찾아보다, 방문하다
I looked up your address in the personnel file. Do look me up the next time you're in London.
. Look into- 조사하다, ~의 속을 들여다보다, 주의 깊게 살피다.
(=investigate, explore, inquire into, examine.)
. Look at - ~을 보다
. Log in (to) — 컴퓨터에 사용되는 이 구는 웹사이트나 컴퓨터의 자신의 계정에 들어가는 것을 뜻합니다.
“Don’t forget to log in to your FluentU account to learn English better and faster.”
. Log out/off — 역시 컴퓨터에 사용되는 표현으로, 자신의 계정에서 나간다는 의미입니다.
“You should always log out of your accounts when you use a public computer.”
. Look up — 어떤 것의 의미를 확인하다. (확인되는 것으로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
“If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you should look it up in the dictionary.”
. Look out — 어떤 것을 조심하다.
“Look out, there’s a baseball coming your way!”
. laugh at - ~을 비웃다
. listen to - ~을 듣다
P -
. Pay back — 어떤 사람에게 빌린 돈을 돌려 주다.
(돈을 돌려 받는 사람으로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
‘payback’ 처럼 한 단어로 쓰일 때는 복수라는 뜻입니다.
“Thanks for getting me lunch when I forgot my wallet at home! I’ll pay you back tomorrow.”
. Pay for — 이 구는 특정한 목적 (새 차의 값을 지불하는 것 등) 을 위해 누군가에게 돈을 준다는 의미이거나, 자신이 한 일 때문에 고통을 겪는다는 뜻입니다.
“He’ll pay for all the problems he caused me by being late today!”
. Put out — 이 구는 불을 끄다, 또는 부탁을 함으로써 다른 사람을 짜증나게 만든다는 뜻입니다.
(누군가를 짜증나게 한다는 뜻일 때에는, 상대 사람으로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
아주 비격식적인 속어에서는 모욕을 줄 수 있는 의미가 있다는 점을 기억하세요.
불을 끄다라는 의미로는,
“The firefighters managed to put out the fire before it spread to other houses.”
누군가를 짜증나게 하다라는 의미로는,
“I’d ask you to make me dinner but I don’t want to put you out.”
. Put on — 옷을 입다, 또는 화장을 하다.
“Every morning she puts on her dress, lipstick, shoes and hat—in that order.”
. Put away - ~을 치우다
. Pass out(=faint, lose consciousness)
기절하다, 의식을 잃다
Today is so hot that I feel as if I may pass out at any moment.
. Pay off(=bribe; produce good results; pay in full)매수하다,좋은결과를낳다,보상받다, 다갚다
The man wouldn't give evidence; I think someone paid him off.His hard work paid off when he got a big raise in salary.He finally paid off the 30-year mortgage on his house.
. Play down(=make little of)
경시하다, 가볍게 여기다
At first the authorities played down the threat to public health.
. Pull(tear) down(=demolish, destroy)
(건물 등을) 부수다, 헐다
They pulled(tore) down several old office buildings downtown.
. Pull in(=drive in and stop, arrive)
차를 대다(멈추다), 도착하다
We'd better pull in at the next gas station to refill the gas tank.
. Pull off(=succeed in a difficult task)
(어려운 일을) 잘해내다
The task seemed impossible, but he managed to pull it off.
. Pull over(=drive to the side of the road to stop) 차를 길가로 붙이다
We pulled over to ask a passerby for directions.
. Pull through(=survive a crisis or an illness) (난관, 병 등을) 이겨내다If we just stick together, we can pull through this hardship.
. Put through(=connect by telephone; cause to suffer)(전화를) 연결하다,(시련 등을)겪게 하다
It he's not in, can you put me through to his secretary?We put all new recruits through a very rigorous training
. Put off - ~을 연기하다
. Pick up - ~을 줍다
m -
. Make (both) ends meet(=balance one's income and expenditure) 수입과 지출을 맞추다
These days I scarcely earn enough money to make ends meet.
. Make for(go toward; make possible)
향해가다, 가능하게 하다
They took their ice skates and made for the frozen pond.The new computers make for much greater productivity.
. Make it(=arrive in time; succeed)
시간에 대다, 성공하다
The flight leaves in ten minutes-I'll never make it.He owns a good business and has made it big in life.
. Make out(=understand, draw up, pretend)
이해하다, 작성하다, ~인 체하다
No one could make out what he was talking about.He made out a check and handed it to her.Helen tried to make out that she was sick.
. Make up(resolve a quarrel; invent; apply cosmetics) 화해하다, (이야기를) 꾸며내다, 화장하다
The couple had a fight, but then made up and kissed.Is that story true or did you make it up?He watched his sister make up her face for her date.
S -
. Send out(=distribute; emit)
배포하다, 방출하다
I sent out 100 invitations to my gallery opening.The factory sends out toxic gases into the surrounding countryside.
. Set about(=go about, begin) 착수하다
The sooner we set about it the sooner we'll finish it.
. Set in(=start to happen) 시작하다
Shortly after I started my new business, a long economic downturn set in.
. Single out(=select~alone from others)
(유독) ~만을 뽑아내다
They were all to blame; why did you single him out for a punishment?
. Speak to - ~에게 말을 걸다
. See off - ~을 전송하다
T -
. Take to(=get into the habit of)
~의 습관이 붙다
The insane old man has taken to hiding his socks under the carpet.
. Try out(=test) ~을 시험해 보다The biochemists tried out the new medicine on real people.
. Turn down(=refuse, reject) 거절하다I asked her to marry me but she turned down my proposal.
. Turn(hand) in(=submit) 제출하다Don't turn(hand) it in but send it out by mail.
. Turn up(=show up, appear) 나타나다She turned up from nowhere.
. Take off — 옷을 벗다, 또는 여행을 떠나다.
(예; planes take off when they begin their flights)
“She was very happy when she finally got home and took off her shoes.
They had been hurting her feet all day!”
. Take out — 주머니나 가방에서 무언가를 제거하다.
또한 이 구는 어떤 사람을 데이트를 위해 데리고 가다라고 의미하기도 합니다.
(물건이나 사람으로 분리될 수 있습니다.)
또한 누군가를 죽인다는 의미로 ‘제거하다’라고 쓰일 수도 있습니다.
그러나 이는 일상 대화에서 쓰일 일은 없겠죠?
어떤 것을 제거하다라는 의미로는,
“The children sat at their desks and took out their pens and paper.”
데이트를 한다는 의미로는,
“He took her out to the most expensive restaurant in the city.”
. Turn on/off — 기계 또는 불을 켜거나 끄다.
“Turn off the light, I’m trying to sleep!”
. Turn around — 반대쪽을 바라보도록 움직이다.
“Sally was about to get on the plane, but she turned around when someone
called her name.”
. Turn up — 잃어버린 어떤 것을 예상치 못하게 찾을 때.
“Anything I lose usually turns up under the couch. It’s my cat’s favorite hiding place.”
R -
. Reflect on(=think deeply about) ~에 대해 숙고하다
I need time to reflect on what you've offered.
. Rule out(=exclude) 제외하다, 배제하다
The investigators said the possibility of arson could not be ruled out.
. Run into(=run across; collide with) 우연히 만나다; 충돌하다On the way to the shop I ran into my old friend, Tom.The taxi went too fast around the corner and ran into a streetlight.
W -
. Wear out(=fatigue, make~useless)
지치게 하다, 닳아 헤어지게 하다
She wore him out with her nagging. Those shoes are already worn out.
. Wipe out(=destroy) 파괴하다, 망하게 하다
The bombing completely wiped out the small city.The large chains are wiping out the independent bookstore.
. Work out(=accomplish; exercise)
(계획 등을)완수하다, 운동하다, 해결하다
I've drawn up the main outlines and he'll work out the details later.The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.
“I try to work out every morning, by repeatedly lifting a heavy donut to my
mouth.”
. Warm up (to) — 어떤 사람, 또는 어떤 것과 함께 시간을 보내면서, 그들을 좋아하게 되다. 특히 처음에는 좋아하지 않았던 경우에.
“The new puppy was scared of my husband when we first got him, but he
warmed up to him pretty quickly.”
. Work (something) out — 해결책이나, 누군가와의 타협점을 떠올리다.
“Don’t worry, I’m sure we can work something out so that everyone is happy.”